Asian Medical Journal and Alternative Medicine

Challenging Cytological Findings of A Rare Warthin-like Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Case Report

Jirayu Visanuruk — 2024-08-31

Warthin-like papillary thyroid carcinoma (WLPTC) stands out as a particularly uncommon subtype within the spectrum of papillary thyroid carcinoma, known for its distinctive histological and cytological features. This presentation illuminates a case of WLPTC, highlighting an unusual microfollicular pattern and a restrained lymphoplasmacytic background, which makes it challenging to make a conclusive diagnosis.

Hypertrophic Pachymeningitis from Neuro-Behçet’s Disease: A Case Report

Suntaree Thitiwichienlert — 2024-08-31

A 26-year-old female presented with visual loss for 10 days from optic neuritis, which had recurred in the fellow eye one year apart. Neuroimaging, Pathergy test and skin biopsy results supported the diagnosis of neuro-Behçetʼs disease. The patient was successfully treated with pulse methylprednisolone followed by prednisolone and immunosuppressive agents.

Factors Influencing Problematic Sleep Among Preschool Children with ADHD: Brief Research

Prakasit Wannapaschaiyong — 2024-08-31

This study aimed to examine the prevalence of sleep disturbances and related factors among preschool children with ADHD. Our results showed that the prevalence of sleep disturbances was 40%. Factors associated with problematic sleep include combined-type ADHD, higher severity of ADHD symptoms, the use of taking methylphenidate, higher behavioral difficulties,

Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Ethanol and Aqueous Extracts in the Amnouy Suksomjit’s Thai Folk Remedy

Wichida Larsomsri — 2024-08-31

Introduction: A Thai folk remedy is traditionally used to manage many diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and dementia, as they are related via oxidative stress and chronic inflammation pathways.

Objectives: This study investigates the antioxidant contents, and anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation properties of ethanol and aqueous extracts of Dr. Amnouy Suksomjitʼs Thai folk remedy (RM or the Remedy).

Methods: RM and its plant ingredients were extracted with ethanol maceration and water decoction. All extracts had their antioxidant compounds measured i.e. total phenolic contents (TPC) and total flavonoid contents (TFC), activity by DPPH, ABTS^+ and FRAP assays, and anti-inflammatory activity by determining the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophage cells.

Results: The total phenolic contents, measured by TPC assay, for ethanol RM extract (RME) and water extract of the remedy (RMW) were 25.06 and 24.26 mg GAE/g Extract, respectively. Additionally, the flavonoid contents, determined by TFC, were 87.26 and 85.27 mg QE/g Extract for RME and RMW, respectively. RME and RMW exhibited antioxidant activity, with DPPH IC50 values of 56.69 and 46.35 μg/mL, and FRAP values of 20.28 and 13.07 µM TE/g Extract, respectively. RME and RMW showed no anti-ABTS^+ effect. Furthermore, RME demonstrated a significant anti-inflammatory effect by reducing NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced cells, with an IC50 value of 37.68 μg/mL, compared to prednisoloneʼs IC50 value of 51.45 μg/mL. Conversely, RMW did not exhibit any anti-inflammatory effect.

Conclusions: The ethanol and the water extracts of the Remedy showed antioxidant effects as found in the phenolics and flavonoids. However, only the ethanolic extract exhibited anti-inflammatory activity. These results support the use of the Remedy for treating diseases related to oxidative stress and inflammation pathways.

Correlation of Size and Redness of Pterygium on Tear Film and Dry Eye Symptoms

Pakornkit Phrueksaudomchai — 2024-08-31

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the correlation of size and redness of pterygium to tear film and dry eye symptoms.

Setting/Venue: Thammasat University Hospital, Thailand

Materials and Methods: 976 patients joined a hospital-based, retrospective cross-sectional study in Thammasat University Hospital. Severity of pterygium was measured and collected by size and redness; Tear film was measured and collected by Tear meniscus height (TMH) and Tear break up time (TBUT); Dry eye syndrome was measured and collected by Ocular surface visual analogue scale (VAS), Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), Oxford corneal staining scale and Meibomian gland dysfunction grading. The study was analyzed for correlation, using statistical tools of simple linear regression, Pearson correlation and Anova.

Results: 328 pterygium patients were identified, and information collected. The average horizontal and vertical size of pterygium was 2.74 mm and 2.45 clock hours. The most common redness grading was intermediate (176/328:53.66%). The relationship between horizontal size, vertical size and redness of pterygium with dry eye symptoms and tear film was (R = 0.32, 0.29 and 0.64) with a significance of <0.001, 0.005 and <0.001. The strongest correlation found was in redness of pterygium with OSDI scores, TBUT and Oxford corneal staining scale (R = 0.58, -0.46 and 0.38) with a significance of <0.001.

Conclusions: Pterygium patients were found to be 33.6 percent in this hospital based, retrospective cross-sectional study. Horizontal size, Vertical size and redness of pterygium were related to tear film and dry eye symptoms. Redness of pterygium was the most important clinical feature affecting tear film and dry eye symptoms.

Quality Control and Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Activities of Ethanolic Extracts from Ha-Rak remedy, Piper betle Linn., Garcinia mangostana Linn., and Their Combined Remedies

Ubonwan Saesiw — 2024-08-31

Introduction: A Thai herbal remedy, Ha-Rak (HR), Piper betle Linn. (PB) leaves, and Garcinia mangostana Linn. (GM) pericarps tend to relieve inflammatory related atopic dermatitis (AD). Additionally, antioxidants have important role in the AD prevention.

Objectives: To develop combined formulas of HR, PB and GM extracts and investigate them on anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, the total flavonoid content (TFC) and the total phenolic content (TPC).

Methods: The quality of each dried plant material was evaluated according to Thai Herbal Pharmacopoeia (THP) criteria. Each was extracted by maceration with 95% ethanol, and then combined with a remedy. The inflammatory properties of each extract were assessed using the production inhibition of TNF- α from RAW 264.7 cells. The antioxidant properties were assessed using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging. The TFC and TPC were also analyzed.

Results: The quality of all plant materials passed Thai herbal pharmacopeia standards. HR showed the highest anti inflammatory activity. The combination HMB-321, which is composed of HR:GM:PB in a ratio of 3:2:1, showed the highest anti-inflammatory activity among other combined formulas. Moreover, HMB-321 showed moderate antioxidant activities and capacities. PB showed the highest antioxidant activity but less anti-inflammatory activity. HMB-123, whose proportion of HR:GM:PB was 1:2:3, showed the highest antioxidant activity among the combination of extracts but showed less anti-inflammatory activity.

Conclusions: The combination HMB-321 could be a candidate remedy for the prevention and treatment of AD. Further study should be directed to in vivo testing and clinical trials for anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.

Unveiling the Botanical Riches: Enhancing Quality Control and Stability Assessment of Sa-Tri-Lhung-Klod Remedy Extract Through HPLC Profiling and Anti-inflammatory Potency Evaluation

Janjira Inprasit — 2024-08-31

Introduction: Sa-Tri-Lhung-Klod (ST) remedy is a Thai traditional medicine preparation, used for post-partum care including excreting amniotic fluid, reducing inflammation, and improving blood circulation. The standard quality values and the stability of ST have not been reported. Quality control and stability testing are necessary to determine and insure the standard quality of ST remedy.

Objectives: To evaluate the quality control of herbal components according to Thai Herbal Pharmacopoeia (THP). The stability of ST extracts was examined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and anti-inflammatory activity was measured.

Methods: The quality assessment of the ST and plant components was performed by moisture content, total ash, acid-insoluble ash, extractive value, and tannin content, following the THP method. The stability testing of ST extracts stored under accelerated conditions for six months was performed, and the percentage of the remaining compounds were evaluated using HPLC and tested for anti-inflammatory activity on nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory assay in RAW264.7 cells.

Results: Quality control of ST and plant components met THP requirements, and the tannin content of ST increased upon extraction. ST ethanolic extract (STE) and the remaining compounds exhibited stability after 6 months and anti-inflammatory activity on nitric oxide inhibition assay was retained from day 0 to day 180. However, ST aqueous extract (STW) was unstable from day 30.

Conclusions: The first report of quality control and stability testing of ST is outlined. ST and plant components comply with THP standard requirements. STE can be stored at room temperature for up to two years, whereas STW requires refrigeration in order to extend its shelf life.

Thai Medicinal Treating Theory in Hypertension

Pannawat Chaiyawatthanananthn — 2024-08-31